Peran dan Kontribusi Imam Al-Syafi‘i dalam Perkembangan Hadis dan Ilmu Hadis

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the role and contribution of Imam al-Shafi'i in the development of hadith and hadith science, especially related to his defense of the authority of the Sunnah, blasphemy of Sunday hadith, methodology for resolving seemingly contradictory hadiths, and the formulation of the principles of hadith and hadith research. This research uses a qualitative approach with the method of library research, while the analysis is carried out through content analysis and socio-historical approaches. The main sources of research are works attributed to al-Shafi'i, especially al-Risalah, al-Umm, Ikhtilaf al-Hadith, and Musnad al-Shafi'i, as well as biographical works and academic research that discuss al-Shafi'i's hadith thoughts. The results of the study show that al-Shafi'i's contribution in the field of hadith has at least four important dimensions. First, he acted as a defender of the authority of the Sunnah against those who rejected the hadith as a source of law. Second, he provided a systematic argument about the blasphemy of khabar al-wahid by setting a number of criteria for its acceptance. Third, he developed methods of resolving seemingly contradictory hadith through al-jam', al-naskh wa al-mansukh, and al-tarjih. Fourth, he laid the methodological foundations for the criticism of sanad and matan as well as the classification of hadith that was later developed by the next generation of hadith scholars. Thus, al-Shafi'i was not only an imam of fiqh and fiqh proposals, but also an important figure in the formation of the methodological framework of hadith science